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      wdhack Channel

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      Ultrasound Physics Quiz

      I have compiled questions from many different sources, including my own personal questions for use in studying ultrasound physics.  Any similarity to actual exam questions are incidental and not taken directly from any official exams.  Use these to study at your own risk as I assume no responsibility for any incorrect information contained within this quiz.
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      Round
      1/107
      Ultrasound Physics Quiz
      Points for Question
      100
      My Score
      0
      Hi Score
      10,600
      Question by
      wdhack
      In a cathode ray tube display device the electron beam is steered by
      Wrong
       of players answered correctly.
      • deflection plates

      • phased arrays

      • photon converters

      • voltages from the scan converter

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      Comments:
      1. In a cathode ray tube display device the electron beam is steered by
        1. deflection plates
        2. phased arrays
        3. photon converters
        4. voltages from the scan converter
      2. Propagation speed / frequency is the formula for
        1. Bandwidth
        2. Pulse Repetition Period
        3. Wavelength
        4. Formulas pulse me off
      3. Number of cycles in a wave that occur in 1 second
        1. Hertz
        2. Pressure
        3. Amplitude
        4. Frequency
      4. Unit of measurement for frequency
        1. millimeters
        2. rayls
        3. Hertz
        4. kg/cm
      5. The angle of refraction is described by
        1. Snell's law
        2. Curie's principle
        3. Huygen's principle
        4. speed differences
      6. Bending of the sound beam at an interface or boundary
        1. Reflection
        2. Refraction
        3. Absorption
      7. If the PRP increases, duty factor
        1. increases
        2. decreases
        3. remains the same
        4. is unrelated
      8. Low frequency transducers have
        1. shorter wavelengths and less penetration
        2. longer wavelengths and greater penetration
        3. shorter wavelengths and greater penetration
        4. longer wavelengths and less penetration
      9. Formula for Duty Factor
        1. PD / Frequency
        2. SPL / PD
        3. PD / PRP
        4. PD / SPL
      10. A-mode scanning represents the depth of the signal in the horizontal dimension
        1. True
        2. False
      11. Scattering is
        1. redirection of the sound beam in many directions
        2. bending of the sound beam in any direction
        3. heat conversion
        4. none of the above
      12. The only process that directly removes energy from the sound beam
        1. Reflection
        2. Refraction
        3. Absorption
        4. Beam energy thieves
      13. Units for Duty Factor
        1. mm
        2. ms
        3. Hz
        4. none
      14. The Reynolds number predicts aliasing
        1. True
        2. False
      15. This part of the transducer assembly helps to reduce SPL
        1. damping layer
        2. matching layer
        3. filler material
      16. Density is an acoustic variable
        1. True
        2. False
      17. As a general rule, as frequency increases, period
        1. increases
        2. decreases
        3. stays the same
      18. A bit is the smallest part of a digital "word"
        1. True
        2. False
      19. The degree of attenuation is dependant on:
        1. frequency and propagation speed
        2. distance and angle of incidence
        3. wavelength and amplitude
        4. frequency and distance
      20. Spatial pulse length ______________ if the frequency is increased
        1. increases
        2. decreases
        3. remains the same
        4. is unrelated
      21. Beam diameter determines
        1. temporal resolution
        2. the number of scan lines
        3. axial resolution
        4. lateral resolution
      22. (Snell's Law application) If C1 is > C2, then Ai is
        1. < At
        2. > At
        3. = At
      23. 1 cycle per second
        1. 1 Hz
        2. 1 rayl
        3. 1,000 Hz
        4. 1 KHz
      24. Annular array scanners allow for electronic steering of the beam
        1. True
        2. False
      25. True/False Refraction can take place at perpendicular incidence
        1. True
        2. False
      26. Period is
        1. the amplitude of a wave
        2. the speed of a wave
        3. the time it takes to complete a single cycle
        4. the length it takes to complete a single cycle
      27. Unit of measurement for PRP
        1. mm
        2. Hz
        3. m/s
        4. ms
      28. Temperature is an acoustic variable
        1. True
        2. False
      29. The rate at which work is done
        1. Intensity
        2. Frequency
        3. Power
        4. not fast enough
      30. If you increase frequency, what happens to wavelength
        1. increases
        2. decreases
        3. stays the same
        4. gets mad, storms out, then doesn't call for a week
      31. The binary number 1011000 equals the decimal number
        1. 64
        2. 101
        3. 88
        4. 1342
      32. Units for SPL
        1. ms
        2. m/s
        3. Hz
        4. mm
      33. _______________ is a Rayleigh scatterer
        1. lung
        2. liver
        3. red cell
        4. diaphragm
      34. Shadowing artifacts are
        1. from velocity change
        2. observed distal to cystic structures
        3. caused by differences in attenuation
        4. none of the above
      35. Which has a higher acoustic impedance coefficient?
        1. solid
        2. liquid
        3. gas
        4. magma
      36. The primary colors that make up the display for a color monitor are
        1. red, green, yellow
        2. yellow, blue, red
        3. blue, red, green
        4. green, yellow, blue
      37. Formula for PD
        1. PD / PRP
        2. Period times the number of cycles in the pulse
        3. Wavelength times the number of cycles in the pulse
        4. 1 / PRF
      38. Unit of measurement for Pulse Repetition Frequency
        1. mm
        2. ms
        3. Hz
        4. Rayls
      39. The fraction of time that the ultrasound pulse is actually being emitted during one PRP
        1. Work load
        2. Duty Factor
        3. Dusty Factor
        4. PRF
      40. The maximum dynamic range is determined by the pulser
        1. True
        2. False
      41. A bit is a binary digit
        1. True
        2. False
      42. Longitudinal waves are
        1. parallel to the axis of the wave propagation
        2. perpendicular to the axis of the wave propagation
        3. compressed perpendicular to the axis of the wave propagation
        4. none of the above
      43. Pulse Repetition Period (PRP)
        1. The number of pulses occuring in one second
        2. Time from the start of one pulse to the start of the next
        3. The length of space over which one pulse occurs
        4. The time it takes for one pulse to occur
      44. The process that causes the weaker echoes to be amplified more than the stronger ones
        1. compensation
        2. compression
      45. Demodulation is operator controlled
        1. True
        2. False
      46. The intensity reflection coefficient depends on acoustic impedance mismatch
        1. True
        2. False
      47. Pulse Duration
        1. The time it takes for one cycle to complete
        2. The time from the start of one pulse to the end of the next
        3. The time it takes for a pulse to occur
        4. The number of pulses occurring in one second
      48. Another version of Snell's Law
        1. sine At / sine Ai = c2 / c1
        2. sine Ai / sine At = c2 / c1
        3. sine At / sine Ai = c1 / c2
        4. sine At / sine Ai = c1 / c2
      49. Aliasing artifacts are unique to
        1. power doppler
        2. pulsed doppler
        3. continuous wave doppler
        4. none of the above
      50. Annular array transucers steer the beam
        1. axially
        2. electronically
        3. mechanically
        4. none of the above
      51. Velocity times density equals
        1. intensity
        2. duty factor
        3. quality factor
        4. impedence
      52. The percentage of ultrasound reflected at an air/liquid interface is
        1. 100%
        2. high
        3. low
        4. none
      53. Reflection at a tissue interface depends primarily on
        1. impedance
        2. bandwidth
        3. beam profile
        4. velocity differences
      54. Transverse waves are
        1. parallel to the axis of the wave propagation
        2. perpendicular to the axis of the wave propagation
        3. compressed perpendicular to the axis of the wave propagation
        4. none of the above
      55. Q value is determined by
        1. frequency and bandwidth
        2. pulse duration and bandwidth
        3. impedance and bandwidth
        4. none of the above
      56. Velocity of sound in a medium is constant regardless of frequency
        1. True
        2. False
      57. Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)
        1. Time from the beginning of one pulse to the next
        2. Number of pulses occuring in one second
        3. Length of space over which one pulse occurs
        4. The time it takes for one pulse to occur
      58. What is necessary to calculate distance to a reflector
        1. density and pulse length
        2. density and round-trip time
        3. attenuation coefficient and reflector amplitude
        4. propagation speed and round-trip time
      59. The speed which a wave moves through a medium
        1. Amplitude
        2. Frequency
        3. MPH
        4. Propagation speed
      60. Receiver demodulation cannot be controlled by the sonographer
        1. True
        2. False
      61. Formula for Period (T)
        1. 1 / amplitude
        2. 1 / frequency
        3. 1 / wavelength
        4. 1 / 1
      62. The ____________ produces electric voltage pulses that drive the transducer
        1. pre-amplifier
        2. pulser
        3. amplifier
      63. If it takes 50 microseconds for a pulse to return as an echo, how deep is the reflector?
        1. 1 cm
        2. 2 cm
        3. 3 cm
        4. 4 cm
      64. 1 million cycles/second
        1. 1 MHz
        2. 1 KHz
        3. 1 Hz
        4. a freakin lot
      65. The attenuation coefficient for soft tissues is
        1. 1 dB/cm/MHz
        2. 1540 dB/cm/MHz
        3. .5 dB/cm/MHz
        4. 3.14 dB/cm/MHz
      66. If you increase frequency, what happens to scattering?
        1. increases
        2. decreases
        3. stays the same
      67. A reflector that is small compared to the wavelength will produce
        1. multipath artifact
        2. Snell's scattering
        3. Hguyen's principle
        4. Rayleigh scattering
      68. The range equation is
        1. R= 1/2 c x T
        2. d= 1/2 c x T
        3. R= 1/2 (c / T)
      69. C is greater or less in bone?
        1. greater
        2. less
        3. the same
      70. Intensity of the ultrasound beam is proportional to the sq. root of the acoustic pressure
        1. True
        2. False
      71. What is the formula for intensity
        1. beam power / cross-sectional area
        2. cross-sectional area / the beam power
        3. Frequency / beam power
        4. Frequency / cross-sectional area
      72. Poiseuille's equation: The volume rate of flow through a vessel is inversely proportional
        1. to the vessel radius
        2. to the blood density
        3. to the pressure gradient
        4. to the blood viscosity
      73. The distance between two adjacent bands of compression or rarefaction
        1. Bandwidth
        2. Frequency
        3. Wavelength
        4. Pulse Repetition Period
      74. Wavelength has the greatest effect on
        1. lateral resolution
        2. far zone
        3. axial resolution
        4. temporal resolution
      75. Red blood cells are an example of a
        1. rayleigh reflector
        2. non-specular reflector
        3. strong reflector
        4. mirror reflector
      76. The peak pressure or height of the wave
        1. Frequency
        2. Amplitude
        3. Wave muscle
        4. Rarefaction
      77. Density is not an acoustic variable
        1. True
        2. False
      78. Formula for SPL
        1. Wavelength times the number of cycles in the pulse
        2. PRF times the PD
        3. Wavelength times PRF
        4. Formula shmormula. I just guess
      79. Alternate formula for PD
        1. 1 / PRP
        2. Cycles per pulse times amplitude
        3. Number of cycles in the pulse / frequency
        4. Frequency / PRP
      80. Amplification is one of the functions of the beam former
        1. True
        2. False
      81. Snell's Law (At = angle of transmission, Ai = angle of incidence)
        1. At = Ai x (c1 / c2)
        2. Ai = At x (c2 - c1 / c2-c1)
        3. At = Ai x (c2 / c1)
        4. Ai = At x (c2 / c1)
      82. The ratio of the largest amplitude to the smallest amplitude signal that the system can do
        1. Dynamic range
        2. Digital envelope
        3. Aperature
      83. A color monitor (CRT) contains _______ cathodes
        1. 1
        2. 2
        3. 3
        4. 4
      84. The formula for Duty Factor is
        1. PD/PRF
        2. LD x FR
        3. 1/f
        4. PD/PRP
      85. Spatial Pulse Length (SPL)
        1. The number of pulses occuring in one second
        2. The time it takes for one pulse to occur
        3. The time from the start of one pulse to its end
        4. The length of space over which one pulse occurs
      86. Spatial pulse length is determined by the
        1. oscillator
        2. pulser
        3. pulse oscillator
        4. all of the above
      87. Mirror image artifact is sometimes seen near the
        1. aorta
        2. gall bladder
        3. stomach
        4. diaphragm
      88. Compensation allows for graded amplification to be applied to returning echoes
        1. True
        2. False
      89. The conversion of sound energy into heat
        1. Absorption
        2. Reflection
        3. Refraction
      90. Azimuthal resolution is also known as
        1. lateral resolution
        2. range resolution
        3. axial resolution
        4. none of the above
      91. If the PRF increases, duty factor
        1. increases
        2. decreases
        3. remains the same
        4. is unrelated
      92. A hyperechoic region is
        1. low amplitude
        2. anechoic
        3. echo free
        4. echogenic
      93. What is the pulse duration for five cycles of 5 MHz ultrasound
        1. .5 microsecond
        2. 1.0 microsecond
        3. .25 microsecond
        4. 5.0 microsecond
      94. Post-processing can be performed in real time mode
        1. True
        2. False
      95. Aliasing is not a problem with color flow imaging.
        1. True
        2. False
      96. The amount of energy that flows per second through 1 square cm area is
        1. Power
        2. Frequency
        3. Intensity
      97. Diffraction is the
        1. spreading out of an ultrasound beam
        2. bending of the sound beam
        3. dissipation of heat
        4. reverse refraction
      98. The range of frequencies in a pulse
        1. dynamic range
        2. resonant frequency
        3. bandwidth
      99. The time it takes for one cycle to occur
        1. Frequency
        2. Period
        3. Wave time
        4. Amplitude
      100. A high PRF is needed to image deep structures
        1. True
        2. False
      101. A-Mode is mainly used to measure distance
        1. True
        2. False
      102. Unit of measurement for wavelength
        1. miles
        2. Hz
        3. Rayls
        4. mm
      103. What is the average velocity of ultrasound in soft tissue at 5.0 MHz?
        1. 1540 meters per millisecond
        2. 2200 miles per hour
        3. 1087 meters per second
        4. 1540 meters per second
      104. Spatial pulse length is equal to
        1. period times the number of cycles in the pulse
        2. wavelength times the number of cycles in the pulse
        3. PD/PRP
        4. 1/PRF
      105. TGC is also known as
        1. DGC
        2. RGC
        3. HGC
        4. OGC
      106. Formula for PRP
        1. PRF / SPL
        2. 1 / SPL
        3. 1 / PD
        4. 1 / PRF
      107. Linear, phased, and annular array scanners are 3 types of mechanical transducers
        1. True
        2. False
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